MIR629 microRNA 629 [hom*o sapiens (human)] - Gene (2024)

FAQs

What is the miRNA in humans? ›

Genes for microRNA are as much a part of the human genome as genes that code for proteins. Cells make microRNA using a process that resembles the early steps of protein synthesis. The microRNA gene is activated, the DNA strand opens up and the gene is copied, or transcribed, in the form of RNA.

The human genome may encode over 1900 miRNAs, However, only about 500 human miRNAs represent bona fide miRNAs in the manually curated miRNA gene database MirGeneDB. miRNAs are abundant in many mammalian cell types miRNAs appear to target about 60% of the genes of humans and other mammals.

MicroRNAs are critical to cell physiology and development. They are also implicated in pathological processes such as autoimmune diseases, viral infections and carcinogenesis.

The largest known gene is the human dystrophin gene, which has 79 exons spanning at least 2,300 kilobases (kb).

Cardiac Failure

Cardiac hypertrophy in humans is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular diseases. Because miRNAs are important regulators for the differentiation and growth of cardiac cells, they are hypothesized to have an important role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (82).

Since then, thousands have been identified in humans. MicroRNAs play roles in many diseases including cancer, where they can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. They have also been linked to other diseases like cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders.

MiRNAs play a vital role in regulating numerous metabolic and cellular pathways, notably those controlling cell proliferation, differentiation and survival [13-18, 238-240]. Dysregulation of miRNA expression profiles has been demonstrated in most tumors examined [24, 241].

Derived from the Slavic element mir, Mirna means "peaceful." It is often confused with the name "Myrna"(/myrrhna/), which is not Slavic in origin, but Celtic and means "beloved" and also "tender." In Circassian culture, Mirna means "This Eye": "Mir" stands for "this" and "Na" stands for "Eye". Mirna. Pronunciation.

With bioinformatic methods, putative miRNAs are first predicted in genome sequences based on the structural features of miRNA. These algorithms essentially identify hairpin structures in non-coding and non-repetitive regions of the genome that are characteristic of miRNA precursor sequences.

Researchers have mainly focused on finding miRNA signatures that are representative of diseases, including cancer, viral infections, nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, muscular disorders, diabetes, and other diseases, and several studies have been specifically designed to validate miRNAs as biomarkers ...

What is microRNA in the brain? ›

In addition to controlling the morphology of neurons and synaptic sites, microRNAs can also regulate neural migration in the hippocampus. Neuronal migration is key to the brain development. In this process, cells move from their place of origin to their site of integration (Faini et al., 2021).

Furthermore, miR-159, abundant in broccoli, has been shown to suppress breast tumor development in in vitro and in vivo models. An analysis of miRNAs from rice revealed their binding affinity for various human genes involved in neurological diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

Transposable genetic elements, DNA sequences that can replicate and insert copies of themselves at other locations within a host genome, are an abundant component in the human genome. The most abundant transposon lineage, Alu, has about 50,000 active copies, and can be inserted into intragenic and intergenic regions.

The total possible combination of alleles for those genes in humans is approximately 70,368,744,177,664. This is trillions of times more combinations than the number of people who have ever lived.

About a half-century ago the estimated number of human genes was in the millions. Today we're down to about 20,000. We now know, for example, that bananas, with their 30,000 genes, have 50 percent more genes than we do.

microRNAs Are Powerful Post-Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression in the Brain. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length that constitute an important component of the regulatory circuitry determining expression patterns.

miRNAs regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. miRNA expression levels are dysregulated in diseases of immunological origin, such as cancer and autoimmunity. Altered miRNA expression can subsequently exacerbate disease severity.

MiRNAs control adipogenesis, the process by which pre-adipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes, and also influence adipocyte metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage [11]. The dysregulation of miRNAs in adipose tissue has been associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders.

Non-canonical miRNA Biogenesis Pathways

Pre-miRNAs produced by the Drosha/DGCR8-independent pathway resemble Dicer substrates. An example of such pre-miRNAs is mirtrons, which are produced from the introns of mRNA during splicing (35, 36). Another example is the 7-methylguanosine (m⁷G)-capped pre-miRNA.